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Reading a crochet pattern for the first time can feel like deciphering a secret code.
Unfortunately, there is no way around it. If you want to make great pieces without wasting your time, you need them.
They are essential if you wish to advance your level.
This comprehensive guide will teach you everything you need to know about reading crochet patterns both written and Charts.
Why Learning to Read Patterns Is Essential
Before we dive into the details, let’s talk about why this skill matters.
Learning to read crochet patterns opens up a world of possibilities.
Instead of being limited to video tutorials, you’ll have access to thousands of written patterns online and in books.
You’ll be able to create intricate designs, follow vintage patterns, and even start designing your own projects.
The Basic Structure of a Crochet Pattern
Every well-written crochet pattern follows a similar structure.
Understanding this structure helps you navigate any pattern more easily.
Pattern Components
Materials List: This section tells you what yarn weight, hook size, and additional supplies you’ll need.
Pay close attention to yarn weight because using the wrong weight can drastically change your finished project size.
Gauge Information: Gauge tells you how many stitches and rows should fit in a specific measurement.
This measurement is usually 4 inches or 10 centimeters.
While gauge matters more for fitted items like sweaters, it’s helpful to check for any project.
Abbreviations Key: Most patterns include a list of abbreviations used. This is your reference guide throughout the pattern.
Finished Measurements: This shows the size of the completed project.
It helps you decide if you need to adjust the pattern.
Instructions: The step-by-step directions for creating your project, often broken into sections or rounds.
Common Crochet Abbreviations (US Terms)
Understanding abbreviations is the foundation of reading crochet patterns. Here are the most common ones you’ll encounter:
Basic Stitches
- ch = chain
- sl st or slst = slip stitch
- sc = single crochet
- hdc = half double crochet
- dc = double crochet
- tr = treble crochet (also called triple crochet)
- dtr = double treble crochet
Increasing and Decreasing
- inc = increase (work 2 stitches in the same stitch)
- dec = decrease (work 2 stitches together)
- sc2tog = single crochet 2 together (a type of decrease)
- dc2tog = double crochet 2 together.
Working in Different Locations
- BLO = back loop only
- FLO = front loop only
- FL = front loop
- BL = back loop
- sp = space
- st(s) = stitch(es)
Other Common Terms
- rep = repeat
- rnd = round
- RS = right side
- WS = wrong side
- yo = yarn over
- sk = skip
- beg = beginning
- prev = previous
- rem = remaining
- tog = together
- lp(s) = loop(s)
US vs UK Crochet Terms: A Critical Difference
One of the most confusing aspects of reading crochet patterns is the terminology.
US and UK terminology uses the same words for different stitches.
This can completely change your project if you’re not careful!
US vs UK Conversion Chart
| US Term | UK Term |
|---|---|
| Single crochet (sc) | Double crochet (dc) |
| Half double crochet (hdc) | Half treble crochet (htr) |
| Double crochet (dc) | Treble crochet (tr) |
| Treble crochet (tr) | Double treble crochet (dtr) |
| Double treble crochet (dtr) | Triple treble crochet (ttr) |
| Skip (sk) | Miss |
| Slip stitch (sl st) | Slip stitch (ss) |
Pro Tip: Always check at the beginning of a pattern whether it uses US or UK terms.
Most modern patterns specify this clearly.
If you’re unsure, look at the abbreviations list.
You can also check if the pattern mentions “single crochet” for the US term. Alternatively, see if it starts with “double crochet” as the basic stitch for the UK term.
that might help but it’s not always the case.
Your pattern should look something like this.
Understanding Pattern Instructions
Now that you know the abbreviations, let’s learn how to read the actual instructions.
Reading Basic Instructions
A simple instruction might look like this:
Row 1: Ch 20, sc in 2nd ch from hook and in each ch across. (19 sc)
Let’s break this down:
- Row 1 tells you which row you’re working on
- Ch 20 means make 20 chain stitches
- sc in 2nd ch from hook means skip the first chain and work a single crochet in the second chain
- and in each ch across means continue making single crochets in every remaining chain
- (19 sc) is your stitch count – you should have 19 single crochet stitches when you finish this row
Understanding Parentheses ( )
Parentheses have several uses in crochet patterns:
1. Grouping stitches to work in the same place:
- (Sc, dc, sc) in next st means work a single crochet, a double crochet, and another single crochet all in the same stitch
2. Showing stitch counts:
- Row 2: Sc in each st across. (24 sc) – the (24 sc) tells you how many stitches you should have after fishing row 2.
3. Instructions to repeat:
- (Dc in next 2 sts, skip next st) * 3 means do everything in the parentheses three times
Understanding Brackets [ ]
Brackets work similarly to parentheses.
They are often used when there’s already a set of parentheses in the instruction.
This makes it easier to read.
Example: [Sc in next st, (dc, ch 2, dc) in next st] * 4
This means work everything in the brackets four times. Inside those brackets, you’ll work a single crochet, then a group of stitches in the next stitch.
Working in Rounds vs Rows
Crochet patterns can be worked in rows (back and forth) or rounds (in a circle).
Understanding the difference is important.
Row Instructions
- You turn your work at the end of each row
- Patterns often say “turn” at the end of row instructions
- Your work has a clear right side and wrong side
Round Instructions
- You work in a continuous spiral or joined rounds
- Patterns say “join” if you’re joining each round with a slip stitch
- Often used for amigurumi, hats, and circular projects
- Instructions might say “do not turn”.
Example Round Instruction:
Rnd 1: Ch 2, 6 sc in 2nd ch from hook, join with sl st to first sc. (6 sc)
This creates a circle of 6 single crochet stitches, joined at the end.
Exactly like working a 6 sc in a MR.
Understanding Stitch Multiples
Some patterns mention “multiple of X stitches.” This tells you how many stitches you need for the pattern repeat to work correctly.
Example: Foundation chain: Multiple of 4 + 2
This means:
- The main pattern repeats every 4 stitches
- You need 2 extra chains for the pattern to work correctly
- Valid chain counts: 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, etc. (4×1+2, 4×2+2, 4×3+2, etc.)
This information is crucial when you want to adjust a pattern’s width.
Reading Chart Patterns
Some patterns use charts instead of or in addition to written instructions. Charts show a visual representation of your stitches.
Chart Basics
- Each symbol represents a different stitch
- Rows are numbered on the sides, not always though.
- For flat pieces: odd rows (right side) read right to left, even rows (wrong side) read left to right
- For rounds: all rounds read counterclockwise (right to left if starting at bottom)
Common Chart Symbols
Note: Symbol notation can vary between designers, so always check the chart’s key.
The symbols in the image above are the very basics, for more symbols visit this site.
Now let’s read this chart together.
starting from the foundation chain, we have 8 chain, then we need to skip one as shown.
the first row, we will make 7 single crochet, then ch2 as turning chain for the next row.
The 3rd row, we make 7 hdc.
Disclaimer : This is just a representation and not an actual pattern.
Here is another simple circular chart.
we start from the middle, the middle symbol represents a MR.
sometimes you’ll find number 1 above the chains representing that this is our starting point.
Even if there is no number, it is logical to start with a ch3. The ch3 will count as a dc. Then we continue working 11 dc.
Special Pattern Notations
Working in the Round (Continuous Spiral)
Some patterns say “do not join, work in continuous spiral.” This means:
- Don’t join rounds with slip stitches
- Use a stitch marker to mark the beginning of each round
- Move your marker up as you complete each round
Pattern Repeats Across Multiple Rows
Sometimes you’ll see: Rows 5-12: Rep Row 4.
This means repeat the instructions from Row 4 for rows 5 through 12 (8 times total).
Sizing Instructions
Patterns with multiple sizes often format instructions like this:
Ch 20 (24, 28, 32)
The numbers in parentheses represent different sizes:
- Small: 20 chains
- Medium: 24 chains
- Large: 28 chains
- X-Large: 32 chains
Choose your size and follow those numbers throughout the pattern.
Common Pattern-Reading Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Mistake 1: Not Counting Stitches
Solution: Count your stitches at the end of each row or round. Use the stitch count provided in parentheses to verify you’re on track.
Mistake 2: Confusing US and UK Terms
Solution: Check the pattern’s terminology at the very beginning.
If it’s not specified, look for clues like “single crochet” (US) versus starting with “double crochet” as the basic stitch (UK).
Mistake 3: Missing Repeat Instructions
Solution: Highlight or underline asterisks and brackets in your pattern. Keep track of how many times you’ve repeated a section.
Mistake 4: Skipping the Gauge Swatch
Solution: For fitted projects, always make a gauge swatch. It takes 10 extra minutes but can save hours of frogging (ripping out) work.
Mistake 5: Not Reading the Entire Pattern First
Solution: Before starting, read through the complete pattern.
This helps you understand the construction method and identify any confusing sections you can clarify beforehand.
Tips for Successfully Following Patterns
1. Use a Row Counter
Track your progress with a physical row counter, tally marks on paper, or a smartphone app. This prevents losing your place.
2. Highlight Your Progress
Print out patterns and use a highlighter to mark completed rows. Alternatively, use a ruler or sticky note to follow along line by line.
3. Keep a Crochet Journal
Write down modifications, yarn substitutions, and notes about patterns you’ve completed. This becomes an invaluable reference.
4. Join Online Communities
Forums, Facebook groups, and Reddit communities can help if you’re stuck on a confusing instruction. Other crocheters are usually happy to help clarify.
5. Watch Tutorial Videos
If you encounter an unfamiliar stitch or technique, search for video tutorials. Sometimes seeing it in action makes everything click.
6. Practice with Simple Patterns
Build your pattern-reading confidence with simple projects like dishcloths or scarves before tackling complex garments.
Moving Forward with Confidence
Reading crochet patterns becomes easier with practice.
Start with simple patterns that have clear instructions and gradually work up to more complex designs.
Don’t be discouraged if you need to re-read instructions multiple times, even experienced crocheters do this!
Remember that patterns are guides, not strict rules.
As you become more comfortable, you’ll learn when and how to modify patterns to suit your preferences.
You might adjust colors, change stitch types, or resize projects with confidence.
Have questions about a specific pattern instruction? Drop a comment below and we’ll help you figure it out! Don’t forget to bookmark this guide for quick reference whenever you’re working on a new project.
